农药如何科学、安全的使用？现在农作物种植过程中，都离不开农药，农药科学安全使用不仅对施药者、对农作物、对环境、对消费者等等，都有着重要影响。

How to use pesticides scientifically and safely? Nowadays, in the process of planting crops, pesticides are inseparable. The scientific and safe use of pesticides has an important impact not only on the applicators, on the crops, on the environment, on the consumers, etc.

1、农药科学安全使用技术Pesticide science and safe use technology

a、合理用药 Rational drug use

在有效的浓度范围内，且能发挥农药的药效的情况下，可以降低农药浓度进行防治。

In the effective concentration range, and the pesticide effect can be exerted, the pesticide concentration can be reduced for control.

b、适法施药 Appropriate drug application

根据病害、害虫活动规律、药剂类型，选择不同的施药方法和施药时间。

Choose different spraying methods and spraying times according to the disease, pest activity rules, and pesticide types.

c、合理轮换和混用农药 Reasonable rotation and mixing of pesticides

合理轮换和混用农药能有效提高农药的防治效果，但是需注意的是遇碱性物质分解、失效的农药，不能与碱性农药、肥料或碱性物质混用，对于混用后产生化肥反应的农药也是不能使用的；

Reasonable rotation and mixing of pesticides can effectively improve the control effect of pesticides, but it should be noted that pesticides that decompose and become ineffective in case of alkaline substances cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides, fertilizers or alkaline substances. cannot be used;

混合后出现乳剂破坏现象的农药剂型或肥料、混合后产生絮结或大量沉淀的农药剂型，都不能相互混用。

Pesticide formulations or fertilizers with emulsion damage after mixing, and pesticide formulations with flocculation or a large amount of precipitation after mixing, cannot be mixed with each other.

d、选择合适的施药器械 Choose the right applicator

选择合适的施药器械时，要考虑防治对象、防治场所、作物种类和生长情况、农药类型、防治方法、防治规模等因素，选择合适的器械。

When choosing a suitable spraying device, factors such as the control object, control site, crop type and growth situation, pesticide type, control method, and control scale should be considered to select the appropriate device.

e、进行正确田间施药作业 Carry out correct field application

根据施药机械喷幅和风向确定田间作业行走路线使用喷雾机具施药时，严禁逆风前行喷洒农药和在施药区穿行；

According to the spray width and wind direction of the spraying machine, the walking route of the field operation is determined. When spraying with spraying equipment, it is strictly forbidden to spray pesticides against the wind and pass through the spraying area;

使用手动喷雾器喷洒除草剂时，喷头一定要加装防护罩；

When using a manual sprayer to spray herbicides, the nozzle must be equipped with a protective cover;

施药过程中遇喷头堵塞等情况时，严禁用嘴吹吸喷头和滤网。

When the nozzle is blocked during the spraying process, it is strictly forbidden to use the nozzle to blow the nozzle and filter.

2、农药安全使用应注意事项 Precautions for safe use of pesticides

a、准确量取所需的农药用量、避免剩余药液。Accurately measure the required amount of pesticide to avoid leftovers.

b、量取和称量农药应避风处操作。Measuring and weighing pesticides should be done in a sheltered place.

c、配制农药应选择在远离水源、居所、畜牧栏等场所配制农药。The preparation of pesticides should be selected in places far away from water sources, residences, livestock pens and other places to prepare pesticides.

d、配药施药现场应禁烟、禁食。There should be no smoking and fasting at the dispensing site.

3、农药施用后应做事项 What to do after pesticide application

a、施过农药的地块要树立警示标志。Warning signs should be erected on the plots where pesticides have been applied.

b、严禁用空饮料瓶分装剩余农药。It is strictly forbidden to dispense the remaining pesticides in empty beverage bottles.

c、废容器和废包装处理：砸碎或砸扁后掩埋或焚烧。Disposal of waste containers and waste packaging: smash or flatten and then bury or incinerate.

d、施药人员施药作业结束后，应及时用肥皂和清水清洗身体，并更换干净衣服。After the spraying operation is over, the applicator should wash the body with soap and water in time, and change into clean clothes.

e、每次施药应记录天气状况、作物种类、用药时间、药剂品种、防治对象、用药量、兑水量。Each application should record weather conditions, crop types, application time, chemical species, control objects, dosage, and amount of water added.